Marrakech Climate Change Conference –COP 22, 2016

The following are the subtopics of the Marrakech Climate Change Conference –COP 22, 2016:

• Action and support to enhance implementation of the Paris Agreement
• Adaptation
• Finance
• Technology
• Capacity building and transparency of action and support
• Parties’ contributions to the global stocktake
• Follow-up and review of the implementation of the Paris Agreement
• Other matters
  The Marrakech Climate Change Conference, also known as COP 22, was the 22nd session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It was held in Marrakech, Morocco, from 7 to 18 November 2016.

The main objective of COP 22 was to take stock of progress made since the adoption of the Paris Agreement in December 2015, and to agree on a set of actions to enhance its implementation. The conference also provided a forum for countries to discuss and negotiate a number of other issues related to climate change, including adaptation, finance, technology, capacity building, and transparency.

One of the key outcomes of COP 22 was the adoption of the Marrakech Action Proclamation. This document reaffirms the commitment of all parties to the Paris Agreement, and sets out a number of actions that countries will take to implement it. These actions include:

• Strengthening national climate action plans;
• Mobilizing finance for climate change mitigation and adaptation;
• Supporting the development and transfer of climate technologies;
• Building capacity to adapt to climate change;
• Strengthening transparency and accountability in climate action.

The Marrakech Action Proclamation also calls for the establishment of a new climate technology center in Africa, and for the creation of a new fund to support climate change adaptation in developing countries.

Another key outcome of COP 22 was the adoption of the Marrakech Partnership for Action on Climate Change. This partnership brings together governments, businesses, civil society organizations, and other stakeholders to work together to implement the Paris Agreement. The partnership will focus on four key areas:

• Mitigation: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• Adaptation: Building resilience to the impacts of climate change.
• Finance: Mobilizing resources to support climate action.
• Technology: Transferring and developing climate technologies.

The Marrakech Climate Change Conference was a successful event that helped to advance the implementation of the Paris Agreement. The conference produced a number of important outcomes, including the Marrakech Action Proclamation and the Marrakech Partnership for Action on Climate Change. These outcomes will help to guide countries as they work to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, build resilience to the impacts of climate change, and mobilize resources to support climate action.

In addition to the above, the following are some other key highlights of COP 22:

• The adoption of the Marrakech Action Proclamation, which reaffirms the commitment of all parties to the Paris Agreement and sets out a number of actions that countries will take to implement it.
• The establishment of a new climate technology center in Africa and the creation of a new fund to support climate change adaptation in developing countries.
• The adoption of the Marrakech Partnership for Action on Climate Change, which brings together governments, businesses, civil society organizations, and other stakeholders to work together to implement the Paris Agreement.
• The agreement by countries to work towards the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
• The commitment by countries to provide $100 billion per year in climate finance to developing countries by 2020.
• The progress made on issues related to adaptation, finance, technology, capacity building, and transparency.

Overall, COP 22 was a successful event that helped to advance the implementation of the Paris Agreement. The conference produced a number of important outcomes, including the Marrakech Action Proclamation, the Marrakech Partnership for Action on Climate Change, and the agreement by countries to work towards the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. These outcomes will help to guide countries as they work to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, build resilience to the impacts of climate change, and mobilize resources to support climate action.
Action and support to enhance implementation of the Paris Agreement

• What is the Paris Agreement?
  The Paris Agreement is an international treaty on climate change. It was adopted by 196 parties at COP 21 in Paris, on 12 December 2015 and entered into force on 4 November 2016. The Paris Agreement’s central aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Additionally, the agreement aims to increase the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate change.

• What is the role of COP 22?
  COP 22 is the 22nd Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It was held in Marrakech, Morocco, from 7 to 18 November 2016. The main objective of COP 22 was to take stock of progress made since the adoption of the Paris Agreement and to agree on ways to enhance its implementation.

• What are some of the key outcomes of COP 22?
  Some of the key outcomes of COP 22 include:

  • The adoption of the Marrakech Action Proclamation, which reaffirms the commitment of Parties to the Paris Agreement and sets out a number of actions to be taken to enhance its implementation.
  • The establishment of the Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action, which is a platform for countries, businesses, and other stakeholders to work together to implement the Paris Agreement.
  • The launch of the Adaptation Action Agenda, which is a framework for supporting countries to adapt to the impacts of climate change.
  • The adoption of the Technology Mechanism, which is a platform for facilitating the transfer and deployment of climate change technologies.

Adaptation

• What is adaptation?
  Adaptation is the process of adjusting to climate change so as to moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. Adaptation can be undertaken at the individual, community, national, or international level.

• What are some of the challenges of adaptation?
  Some of the challenges of adaptation include:

  • The uncertainty of climate change impacts.
  • The lack of resources available for adaptation.
  • The institutional and governance challenges of adaptation.
  • The social and political challenges of adaptation.

• What are some of the opportunities of adaptation?
  Some of the opportunities of adaptation include:

  • The potential to reduce the costs of climate change impacts.
  • The potential to improve human well-being.
  • The potential to build resilience to other shocks and stresses.
  • The potential to create new economic opportunities.

Finance

• What is climate finance?
  Climate finance is financial assistance provided to developing countries to help them mitigate and adapt to climate change. Climate finance can come from a variety of sources, including public and private sources.

• What are some of the challenges of climate finance?
  Some of the challenges of climate finance include:

  • The lack of adequate funding.
  • The lack of transparency and accountability in the use of climate finance.
  • The lack of coordination between different sources of climate finance.
  • The lack of capacity in developing countries to absorb climate finance.

• What are some of the opportunities of climate finance?
  Some of the opportunities of climate finance include:

  • The potential to mobilize significant amounts of resources to address climate change.
  • The potential to help developing countries build resilience to climate change.
  • The potential to create new economic opportunities in developing countries.
  • The potential to promote sustainable development.

Technology

• What is climate technology?
  Climate technology is technology that can be used to mitigate or adapt to climate change. Climate technology can include a wide range of technologies, such as renewable energy technologies, energy efficiency technologies, and adaptation technologies.

• What are some of the challenges of climate technology?
  Some of the challenges of climate technology include:

  • The high cost of some climate technologies.
  • The lack of access to some climate technologies in developing countries.
  • The lack of capacity in developing countries to use some climate technologies.
  • The lack of coordination between different sources of climate technology.

• What are some of the opportunities of climate technology?
  Some of the opportunities of climate technology include:

  • The potential to reduce the costs of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
  • The potential to improve human well-being.
  • The potential to build resilience to other shocks and stresses.
  • The potential to create new economic opportunities.

Capacity building and transparency of action and support

• What is capacity

• The Marrakech Climate Change Conference –COP 22, 2016 was held in which city?
  (A) Marrakech, Morocco
  (B) Paris, France
  (C) New York City, USA
  (D) Geneva, Switzerland

• The main goal of the Marrakech Climate Change Conference –COP 22, 2016 was to:
  (A) discuss the implementation of the Paris Agreement
  (B) negotiate a new climate change agreement
  (C) assess the progress made in reducing greenhouse gas emissions
  (D) provide financial assistance to developing countries to help them adapt to climate change

• One of the key outcomes of the Marrakech Climate Change Conference –COP 22, 2016 was the establishment of the Green Climate Fund. The Green Climate Fund is a financial mechanism that aims to:
  (A) provide financial assistance to developing countries to help them adapt to climate change
  (B) provide financial assistance to developing countries to help them reduce their greenhouse gas emissions
  (C) provide financial assistance to developed countries to help them reduce their greenhouse gas emissions
  (D) provide financial assistance to all countries to help them implement the Paris Agreement

• The Marrakech Climate Change Conference –COP 22, 2016 also resulted in the adoption of the Marrakech Action Proclamation. The Marrakech Action Proclamation is a declaration that reaffirms the commitment of the parties to the Paris Agreement to:
  (A) implement the Paris Agreement
  (B) negotiate a new climate change agreement
  (C) assess the progress made in reducing greenhouse gas emissions
  (D) provide financial assistance to developing countries to help them adapt to climate change

• The Marrakech Climate Change Conference –COP 22, 2016 was a success because it:
  (A) resulted in the adoption of the Paris Agreement
  (B) resulted in the establishment of the Green Climate Fund
  (C) resulted in the adoption of the Marrakech Action Proclamation
  (D) all of the above